Summary we have determined the nucleotide sequence of an almost fulllength clone of porcine parvovirus ppv. The terminal repeat at the 3 end of the genome shared similar structural characteristics but limited homology with the. Two hundred thirtynine laboratory samples submitted to a diagnostic virology laboratory for parvovirus dna detection were analyzed retrospectively. Some res idue substitutions of the vp2 gene between the attenuated strain nadl2.
The genome of minute virus of mice, an autonomous parvovirus, encodes two overlapping transcription units. In subfamily parvovirinae there are eight genera, containing a. The genome of a canine parvovirus isolate strain cpvn was cloned, and the dna sequence was determined. Detection of rat parvovirus type 1 and rat minute virus type 1 by polymerase chain reaction ch wan 1. Shade ro, blundell mc, cotmore sf, tattersall p, astell cr. Complete genome sequence of porcine parvovirus n strain. We are reporting the sequences of seven complete genomes of parvovirus b19, which were extracted from human plasma specimens collected in the united states.
Human parvovirus b19 b19 was discovered in the uk in 1975 and has been associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, including rash, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, fetal wastage, hypocomplementaemia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, arthritis and vasculitis 26. The genomic organization of cpvn is similar to that of feline parvovirus fpv. Parvovirinae, which infect vertebrate hosts, and densovirinae, which infect invertebrate hosts, are more commonly referred to as densoviruses. Human parvovirus b19 infection in patients with systemic. Currently the family is divided into three genera, two of which contain viruses of vertebrates and a third containing insect viruses. Mvm and mouse parvovirus mpv, are major impediments to rodentbased research and quite challenging pathogens to eradicate from contemporary laboratory animal facilities. Current classification from the international committee of. Infection with parvoviruslike virus and aplastic crisis in chronic hemolytic anemia.
Parvovirus can also be used specifically for members of one of the two parvoviridae subfamilies. Parvoviridae family are listed with their genome structure shown in the form of a. The members of the family parvoviridae are among the smallest of the dna viruses, with a linear singlestranded genome of about 5 kilobases. A variety of cardiotropic viruses have been identified in the past to elicit myocarditis 1 but rarely with parvovirus b19 pvb19 as a causative agent in children and adolescents. Bpv has little dna homology with the defective parvovirus aav, with the. Parvoviruses are very small between 18 and 25 nm in diameter, nonenveloped, singlestranded dna viruses with an icosahedral capsid. Parvovirus is a unique animal virus that has a singlestranded dna as a genome. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 2. Parvovirus is the common name applied to all the viruses in the parvoviridae taxonomic family. The genome of cpvs5 was determined and analyzed, which will facilitate further study of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of cpv2 field isolates in southern china.
Pdf fulllength genomic characterization and molecular evolution. The central structural motif of vp2 has the same topology an eightstranded antiparallel beta barrel as has been found in many other icosahedral viruses but represents only about onethird of the. Due to the similarity of genome organization of ihhnv to brevidensoviruses, it was proposed that the ihhnv should be renamed as p. Genome organization and phylogenetic analyses of deer parvovirus. Parvovirus, any virus belonging to the family parvoviridae. Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of. Detection and molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus in. Characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus tentatively. Scale bar indicates amino acid substitutions per site. Acute glomerulonephritis after human parvovirus b19. Moreover, aav replication depends on the presence of adenovirus. Sequences of seven complete genomes of human parvovirus b19.
Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of bovine parvovirus article pdf available in journal of virology 603. Ppv can cause infertility, abortion of primiparous sows, mummified fetuses, and stillborn fetuses. Erythroid precursor cells infected with human parvovirus b19. Schematic representation of b19v genome organization and.
Genome organization, possible coding regions for the viral proteins, and. Genome sequence of a canine parvovirus strain, cpvs5. Therefore, there is significant overlap at the molecularlevel. A prevalent new field canine parvovirus type2a cpv2a strain, cpvs5, was isolated from the feces of a dog with diarrhea in shenzhen, china. Genome organization of the kresse strain of porcine. Genetic variants of human parvovirus b19 in south africa.
Pdf complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization. The seven b19 genome sequences, which are 5,596 nucleotides long and include the inverted terminal repeats itrs, share an identity of 96. The aav genome the aav2 genome is 4675 nucleotides in length, with a long single stranded coding region bracketed between identical, but inverted, 145 nucleotide terminal repeat sequences. Parvoviruses usually possess two major gene cassettes figure 2.
Complete nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of. Human parvovirus b19 is the only parvovirus known to be a human pathogen. The relative levels of expression of these variants is controlled by alternative splicing in the vertebrate viruses and by a leaky scanning mechanism of. On the basis of genome sequences, rpv1a and rmv1 are distinct from each other and are distinct. The ppv kresse and nadl2 strains, which have different pathogenicities, shared an identical genomic organization and a high degree of sequence identity. The parvovirus genome consists of a singlestranded dna molecule. Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of canine. Human parvovirus b19 infection in hemophiliacs first infused with two highpurity, virally attenuated factor viii concentrates. A new porcine parvovirus ppv, provisionally designated as ppv5, was identified in u.
The genome organization of ihhnv is closely related to the densoviruses in the genus brevidensovirus in the family parvoviridae shike et al. Pdf parvovirus b19 achievements and challenges researchgate. A graphical representation of the genome organization of a chpv abup1, b the tupv 1078, and c bovine bocavirus, a parvovirus with an overall genome organization similar to chpv abup1. Parvoviruses have small nonenveloped virions virus particles, and the icosahedral capsid the protein shell surrounding the viral nucleic acids is made up of 32 capsomeres capsid subunits measuring 1826 nm 1 nm 10.
We have determined the genome of hepatopancreatic parvovirus hpv, a minus, singlestranded dna virus isolated from infected penaeus. Parvovirus is a linear, singlestranded small dna virus with. A phylogenetic tree showing relationship of eqpvh to known parvoviruses in the nonstructural protein. The polypeptide fold of the major capsid protein vp2 is a jelly roll with a. Inactivation and neutralization of parvovirus b19 genotype 3. Infectious virions of canine parvovirus contain 60 protein subunits that are predominantly vp2. The virus has an naked, icosahedral capsid morphology, which encapsidates an infectious single stranded dna genome of only 5 kilobases.
It is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum ei. Parvovirus b19 genome was identified by pcr amplification in only 12% of patients, a frequency of viral recovery significantly lower than recent studies in europe in similarly selected patient populations. Parvoviruses are dna viruses with a linear singlestranded genome of ca. The distal 125 bases of each repeat form a complex palindrome capable of folding into the tshaped hairpin structure shown in figure 2. Determination and analysis of the fulllength chicken.
Parvovirus genome is linear, monopartite, ss dna of approximately 5 kb in size. Ppv is one of the main pathogens causing swine reproductive disorders and fetal malformation. The genome consists of a negative single stranded dna molecule of approximately 5 to 6kbp. The distribution of b19 genotypes has not before been examined in south africa. Primate erythroparvovirus 1, generally referred to as b19 virus, parvovirus b19 or sometimes erythrovirus b19, was the first and until 2005 the only known human virus in the family parvoviridae, genus erythroparvovirus. Pdf canine parvovirus type 2 cpv2 can cause acute haemorrhagic enteritis in. Its genome 3873 nts contains three open reading frames orfs. Dna sequence and genome organization article pdf available in journal of general virology 70 pt 1010. In addition, b19 infection can be associated with elevated. The threedimensional structure of canine parvovirus and. The parvovirus genome encodes a single capsid protein, but transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional modification produce proteins with differing lengths at their n termini.
Their itrs can be grouped into two types that have two nucleotide mutations. The name is derived from latin, parvum meaning small, reflecting the fact that b19 ranks among the smallest dna viruses. The scale indicates amino acid substitutions per position. Porcine parvovirus ppv was discovered by mary and mahnel while performing tissue culture of classical swine fever virus in 1966. The parvovirus b19 genome has two open reading frames, with the single nonstructural protein. A common parvovirus in deer from california, usa journal. Pdf parvovirus b19 is a widespread human pathogenic virus, member of the. As its name implies, aav was first discovered in a sample isolated from an adenovirus infected person. The number of viruses being identi fied as members of this family is rapidly increasing in the recent years. Analysis of the putative tertiary structure of the chpv. The threedimensional atomic structure of a singlestranded dna virus has been determined. Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of human. Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of human parvovirus b 19 isolated from the serum of a child during aplastic crisis. Canine parvovirus type 2 cpv2 is a nonenveloped, singlestranded dna virus that causes fatal gastroenteritis in young dogs 1.
The parvoviridae is a family of small, nonenveloped viruses that contain a singlestranded dna genome of approximately 5,000 bases. Mvm and mpv are members of the genus parvovirus, referring to small 1826 nm, nonenveloped, singlestranded dna viruses with a genome of approximately 5000 nucleotides. Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of canine parvovirus. Parvovirus b19 genome in endomyocardial biopsy specimen. The structure of recombinant b19like particles has been determined to.
The virion has a structure composed of two proteins and a single stranded dna molecule. The entire genome, including ends, was 5,323 nucleotides in length. The genome also has palindromic sequences at both the 3 and 5 ends which can fold back on themselves to form hairpin. Recently, a partial nucleotide sequence and genomic organization from another small parvovirus in shrimp, infectious hypodermal and hepatopoietic necrosis virus ihhnv, have been reported shike et al.
Adenoassociated virus aav is a prototype of parvovirus. Detection of rat parvovirus type 1 and rat minute virus. Cloning and sequencing from a circular or headtotail concatemeric array revealed that the ppv5 possesses the typical genomic organization of parvoviruses with two major predicted open reading frames orf1 and orf2, and is most closely related to ppv4 with overall genomic identities of 64. B, c phylogenetic trees generated with ns1 and vp1 proteins of representative tetraparvoviruses. Parvovirus b19 infection during pregnancy and risks to the. Parvoviruses are a group of small dna viruses with ssdna genomes flanked. Despite the high level of conservation in the parvovirus sequence, ppv strains can. Exploring the biological diversity and the inherent complexity in these apparently simple viruses has been a continuous commitment for the scienti. Genomic structure and organization the singlestranded genome contains 5,596 nucleotides nt, composed of an internal coding sequence of 4,830 nt.
The genome is a linear, nonsegmented molecule of ssdna, 46. The kresse strain of porcine parvovirus ppv was cloned into puc19, and independent infectious clones were sequenced. Non structural protein 1 ns1 encoded by genes on the left side of the genome, and viral protein 1 vp1 and viral protein 2 vp2, the two capsid proteins, by genes on the right side. Their itrs can be grouped into two types that have two nucleotide mutations between each other. Its small genome size allows it very limited coding potential, and prohibits it from inducing replication in host cells.
Parvovirus b19 comprises three distinct genotypes 1, 2, and 3. New parvovirus associated with serum hepatitis in horses. Most of the packaged strands of dna are minussense, but the adenoassociated viruses package equal amounts of plus and minus sense dna. The middle orf is a unique feature of the bocavirus genus and. The terminal repeat at the 3 end of the genome shared similar structural characteristics but limited homology with the rodent parvoviruses. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. The structure of an insect parvovirus galleria mellonella. Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of human parvovirus b19 isolated from the serum of a child during aplastic crisis. Studies on genetic properties of porcine parvoviruses. Novel parvovirus and related variant in human plasma.
The 5 and 3 ends of the genome contain palindromic sequences, 120 to 550 nt in length, which can be folded into hairpin structures essential for viral dna replication. Parvovirus b19 b19 was discovered serendipitously in 1974 and is the only member of the family parvoviridae known to be. Investigation of a canine parvovirus outbreak using next. Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of bovine. Genetic characterization of three novel chicken parvovirus strains. Description of the pathogen hpv particles are in average 22 nm in diameter, icosahedral, and have a buoyant density of 1.